A neurologist is a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders related to the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system. These doctors focus on conditions that affect how the body functions, moves, feels, and thinks. What Does a Neurologist Do? Neurologists are trained to: Evaluate symptoms related to the nervous system Diagnose neurological disorders Provide medical (non-surgical) treatment Manage chronic neurological conditions Work with other specialists like neurosurgeons and physiotherapists They do not usually perform surgery, but they may refer patients to neurosurgeons when required.