Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, leading to cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. It can range from mild to life-threatening, especially in young children, older adults, or people with weakened immune systems.
Causes
Pneumonia can be caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The most common cause in adults is bacterial infection, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae. Viral pneumonia is often caused by influenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Common Symptoms
- Cough (may produce greenish, yellow, or bloody mucus)
- Fever, sweating, and chills
- Shortness of breath or rapid breathing
- Chest pain that worsens with breathing or coughing
- Fatigue and muscle aches
- Loss of appetite and confusion (especially in older adults)
Diagnosis
Your healthcare provider may diagnose pneumonia based on your medical history, symptoms, physical examination, and investigations such as chest X-ray, blood tests, or sputum culture.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of pneumonia:
- **Bacterial pneumonia:** Treated with antibiotics. Complete the full course as prescribed.
- **Viral pneumonia:** Managed with rest, fluids, and medications to relieve symptoms.
- **Fungal pneumonia:** Treated with antifungal medicines.
In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for oxygen therapy or intravenous antibiotics.
Home Care and Self-Care
- Get plenty of rest.
- Drink fluids to loosen mucus and prevent dehydration.
- Take medications exactly as prescribed.
- Avoid smoking and exposure to pollution.
- Use a humidifier or take steamy baths to ease breathing.
Prevention
- Get vaccinated against influenza and pneumococcal infections.
- Wash hands regularly to prevent infection spread.
- Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and regular exercise.
When to Seek Medical Help
Seek medical attention immediately if you experience:
- Persistent high fever
- Difficulty breathing or chest pain
- Bluish lips or fingertips
- Confusion or extreme tiredness
To know more book an appointment with our specialist Dr. Hardik Thakker.
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