Complications of High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
What is High Blood Pressure?
High blood pressure (also called hypertension) means the pressure of blood in your arteries is consistently too high. If left untreated or poorly controlled, it can damage many organs in the body over time.
Why is High Blood Pressure Dangerous?
High blood pressure often has no symptoms, but it can slowly cause serious health problems. This is why it is sometimes called the “silent killer.”
Possible Complications of Hypertension
1. Heart Problems
High blood pressure makes the heart work harder, which can lead to:
Heart attack
Heart failure
Thickened heart muscle
Irregular heartbeats
2. Stroke and Brain Problems
Hypertension damages blood vessels in the brain and can cause:
Stroke
Mini-stroke (TIA)
Memory problems or dementia
3. Kidney Damage
High blood pressure can damage the kidneys, leading to:
Chronic kidney disease
Kidney failure, which may require dialysis or a transplant
4. Eye Problems
Damage to blood vessels in the eyes can cause:
Blurred vision
Vision loss
Retinal damage (hypertensive retinopathy)
5. Blood Vessel Disease
Hypertension can cause narrowing and hardening of arteries, leading to:
Peripheral artery disease (leg pain when walking)
Poor circulation
Increased risk of blood clots
6. Sexual Dysfunction
High blood pressure may lead to:
Erectile dysfunction in men
Reduced sexual desire in both men and women
How Can These Complications Be Prevented?
You can reduce your risk by:
Taking blood pressure medication as prescribed
Reducing salt intake
Eating a healthy, balanced diet
Exercising regularly
Avoiding smoking
Limiting alcohol
Attending regular blood pressure checks
When to Seek Medical Help
Seek urgent medical attention if you experience:
Chest pain
Sudden weakness or numbness
Severe headache
Sudden vision problems
Shortness of breath
Key Message
High blood pressure is serious but controllable. Early treatment and lifestyle changes can prevent most complications.
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