Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It is mainly transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria can cause significant illness if not diagnosed and treated promptly, but it is preventable and treatable with appropriate medical care.
What is Malaria?
Malaria occurs when Plasmodium parasites enter the bloodstream through the bite of an infected mosquito. The parasites multiply in the liver and then infect red blood cells, leading to symptoms such as fever, chills and sweating.
Several species of Plasmodium can cause malaria. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are among the species commonly responsible for malaria infections.
Symptoms of Malaria
Malaria symptoms can develop days or weeks after an infected mosquito bite. Common symptoms include:
-High fever
-Chills and shivering
-Excessive sweating
-Headache
-Body and muscle aches
-Weakness and fatigue
-Nausea and vomiting
-Abdominal discomfort
-Loss of appetite
In some cases, malaria can become severe and cause complications such as severe anemia, breathing difficulties, seizures, confusion, organ problems or loss of consciousness.
Causes of Malaria
The main cause of malaria is infection with Plasmodium parasites. Transmission generally occurs when an infected female Anopheles mosquito bites a person.
Malaria is not normally spread through casual contact between people. In rare circumstances, transmission can occur through infected blood or from an infected mother to her baby.
Diagnosis of Malaria
Early diagnosis is important because malaria can progress rapidly, particularly infections caused by P. falciparum.
Doctors may recommend blood tests such as:
Malaria parasite examination
Peripheral blood smear
Rapid diagnostic tests
Other laboratory tests when required
The appropriate test depends on the patient's symptoms, medical history and exposure risk.
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